Anterior chamber of eyeball
The anterior chamber (AC) is the aqueous humor-filled space inside the eye between the iris and the cornea's innermost surface, the endothelium. Hyphema, anterior uveitis and glaucoma are three main pathologies in this area. In hyphema, blood fills the anterior chamber as a result of a hemorrhage, most commonly after a blunt eye injury. Anterior uveitis is an inflammatory process affecting the iris and ciliary body, with resulting inflammatory signs in the anterior chamber. In glaucoma, blockage of the trabecular meshwork prevents the normal outflow of aqueous humour, resulting in increased intraocular pressure, progressive damage to the optic nerve head, and eventually blindness.
Depth measurement
Determining the anterior chamber depth (ACD) is important in estimating the risk of angle closure glaucoma. There are various methods of measuring ACD, including examination through a slit lamp, ultrasound and Scheimpflug photography. These methods require sophisticated examination equipment and expertise. A simpler clinical method of quantitatively estimating ACD using smartphone photography (EZ ratio) was developed by Dr Ehud Zamir from the Centre for Eye Research Australia, the University of Melbourne, and published in 2016. The EZ ratio method is one way to calculate the estimated anterior chamber depth. To start, the patient looks at a target in the distance with one eye covered. The examiner takes a digital photograph of the open, examined eye, from the side, perpendicular to the visual axis (a profile photograph).
Associated immune deviation
One peculiar feature of the anterior chamber is dampened immune response to allogenic grafts. This is called anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID), a term introduced in 1981 by Streilein et al. This phenomenon is relevant to the fact that the eye is considered an "immune privileged site", like the brain and the testis.
