Nival (company)
Nival is an independent video game developer and publisher. It was founded in 1996 in Moscow by Sergey Orlovskiy, who became the company's chief executive officer. The company has also operated under the names Nival Entertainment and Nival Interactive, and had the subsidiaries Nival Online and Nival Network. Since 2016 it has been headquartered in Limassol, Cyprus.
In July 2015 the company's head office moved from Moscow to Saint Petersburg, and in July 2016 the headquarters relocated to Limassol in order to focus on global markets. In December 2016 the company closed its ZZima gaming network. The main project of this period was Blitzkrieg 3, an online World War II strategy game that entered Steam early access in May 2015 and was released on June 2, 2017. In February 2017 Nival announced that it had created the world's first neural network-based AI for a real-time strategy game, "General Boris", which, according to the company, played at the level of top players without using information hidden from a human. Rock Paper Shotgun disputed the "first" claim, noting that 2010's Supreme Commander 2 had also advertised the use of neural networks. The online multiplayer of Blitzkrieg 3 was shut down on December 14, 2022; the single-player campaign and battles against the AI remained available.
Founding and Allods (1996–1999)
Sergey Orlovskiy studied at the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics of Moscow State University and, while still a student, worked on the games Russian Six Pack and Sea Legends (Morskie legendy) for the company Mir-Dialog. In his final year he and his friends came up with the role-playing strategy game Allods, and he spent a long time looking for funding; according to him, "few believed that an idea from some students could bring serious profit". The only company willing to back the project was Buka, which invested $250,000 in development but asked Orlovskiy to set up the team as an independent company. Nival was thus founded in November 1996, initially with six employees.
Strategy games of the early 2000s (2000–2004)
In 2000 Nival released Evil Islands, a 3D role-playing game set in the Allods universe; in 2001, Etherlords, which combined strategy with collectible card game mechanics; and in 2003, the World War II strategy game Blitzkrieg, Etherlords II and the tactical role-playing game Silent Storm. For the latter the company built its own 3D engine, the Silent Storm engine, which was used in its subsequent projects. By 2005 Nival had 140 employees, and according to Moscow State University the total sales of its games exceeded 5 million copies.
Ener1 deal (2005–2007)
In April 2005 a controlling stake in Nival Interactive was acquired by the American holding company Ener1 Group; the price was not disclosed, but according to Orlovskiy it was about $10 million. Kommersant called it the first acquisition of a Russian video game developer by a foreign company. A US corporation, Nival, Inc., was set up with headquarters in Florida, and Ener1 planned to use the Moscow team to develop games for next-generation consoles and mobile devices. In autumn 2005 Nival began publishing games in Russia, the CIS and the Baltic states. The plans to enter the console market did not materialize. Orlovskiy later explained that the company had remained in the developer–publisher model and that its American team had not helped it build a track record as a console developer. In 2005 Nival Interactive reported revenue of 37.4 million rubles and a net loss of 18.7 million rubles. In November 2007 Orlovskiy regained control of the company: according to him, Ener1 had paid no more than 40% of the agreed price, and the holding's debt was converted into shares that passed to the founder. The Los Angeles office was then closed and the headquarters moved back to Moscow.
Heroes of Might and Magic V (2003–2007)
After Ubisoft bought the rights to the Might and Magic franchise from the bankrupt 3DO Company, Nival was among the first studios to put itself forward to develop the fifth Heroes of Might and Magic game. The contract was signed in November 2003; all rights to the game and the series remained with the publisher, which had the final say on all narrative matters. Nival proposed making the game fully 3D using its own engine; according to Nival's creative director Aleksandr Mishulin, Ubisoft oversaw every stage of development. The publisher rejected the first prototype, finding its visual style too "cartoonish", and the game's final look was approved in autumn 2004.
Online games: Nival Online and Astrum (2006–2010)
After the release of Heroes of Might and Magic V, Orlovskiy moved a large part of the team to multiplayer games. In October 2006 the online division was spun off as Nival Online, in which American investors put $20 million, with Orlovskiy as president. The company's first project was the mobile multiplayer game Entis Online, made together with MegaFon, but its main effort went into an MMORPG set in the Allods universe. In December 2007 Nival Online merged with IT Territory, TimeZero [ru] and Nikita Online to form the holding company Astrum Online Entertainment, and in July 2009 it was renamed Astrum Nival. The budget of Allods Online was $12 million; according to Orlovskiy, the game paid for itself before its official launch through international licensing deals.
Nival Network and Prime World (2008–2014)
In September 2008 Orlovskiy founded Nival Network, focused on strategy and social online games. In December 2009 it launched its own gaming network, ZZima.com, through which, besides its own projects, it operated licensed games, including Cabal Online from February 2010. In April 2011 Nival Interactive and Nival Network merged under the single Nival brand. Nival Network's main project was Prime World, a session-based strategy game built on DotA mechanics and supplemented by a "castle" with economic strategy elements, social network integration and gender-based division of characters. Its budget was initially estimated at $5 million, and by November 2010 it had grown to $8 million, making it one of the most expensive projects in the history of the Russian video game industry after Allods Online. Prime World won several awards at E3 2011 (see Awards); its open beta began on March 30, 2012, and the full release followed in 2014. Nival released several mobile and casual spin-offs set in the Prime World universe, the most successful of which was Prime World: Defenders. The first Prime World tournament was held in 2013. The game's servers were shut down on March 31, 2021.
